🧠 Why Learn Logic First?

Before computers understand code,
they understand logic.

Every if, every loop, every algorithm
is built from simple logical rules.

If your logic is strong:

• Code becomes obvious
• Bugs become visible
• Interviews become easier

This chapter builds mental foundations.

🔌 Logic Gates — Explained for Humans

Think in TRUE / FALSE, not code.

✅ AND (&&)

TRUE only if everything is TRUE

🧠 Real life:

“I will go outside if it is sunny AND I finish work.”

sunny = True
finished_work = False
print(sunny and finished_work)  # False

🔵 OR (||)

TRUE if at least one is TRUE

🧠 Real life:

“I am happy if I have coffee OR tea.”

coffee = False
tea = True
print(coffee or tea)  # True

❌ NOT (!)

Flips the value

is_raining = True
print(not is_raining)  # False

⚡ XOR (Exclusive OR)

TRUE only if values are different

🧠 Memory trick:

Same = false, Different = true

print(True ^ True)    # False
print(True ^ False)   # True

🔥 NAND (NOT AND)

AND, then flip it Used heavily in real hardware

A = True
B = True
print(not (A and B))  # False

💎 XNOR (NOT XOR)

TRUE if values are the same

A = True
B = True
print(not (A ^ B))  # True

🧠 Meaning:

“Are these two states equal?”

🧩 Wizard & Cartoon Logic (20 Puzzles)

These puzzles train thinking, not syntax.

🟢 Problem 1 — Harry’s Spell Permission

Harry can cast a spell only if:

• wand works
• spell learned

wand = True
learned = False

print(wand and learned)

🟢 Problem 2 — Elsa Can Use Ice?

Elsa can use ice if:

• not tired
• OR emotion controlled

tired = True
control = True

print((not tired) or control)

🟢 Problem 3 — Door Access Card

Door opens only if exactly one card is valid.

cardA = True
cardB = False

print(cardA ^ cardB)

🟢 Problem 4 — Mickey’s Safety Rule

Alarm rings unless both conditions are safe.

fire = False
door_closed = True

print(not (not fire and door_closed))

🟢 Problem 5 — Clone Detection

Are two magic clones identical?

clone1 = True
clone2 = True

print(not (clone1 ^ clone2))

🟡 Problem 6 — Any Villain Nearby?

villains = [False, False, True, False]

danger = False
for v in villains:
    danger = danger or v
print(danger)

🟡 Problem 7 — All Students Passed?

scores = [True, True, True, False]

ok = True
for s in scores:
    ok = ok and s
print(ok)

🟡 Problem 8 — Light Toggle Switch

Switch toggles state each press.

presses = [True, True, False, True]

state = False
for p in presses:
    state ^= p
print(state)

🟡 Problem 9 — Password Check

Correct only if length ≥ 8 AND has number.

length_ok = True
has_number = False

print(length_ok and has_number)

🟡 Problem 10 — Emergency Shutdown

Shutdown if NOT safe OR power lost.

safe = True
power = False

print((not safe) or (not power))

🧙 Problem 11 — The Broken Spell Lock

A spell door opens only if:

• the spell is activated
• AND the wand is stable

But today:

• the spell is activated ❌
• the wand is unstable ❌

The system inverts the final result.

spell = True
wand = False
print(not (spell and wand))

🧠 Think:

• Does the spell activate?
• What does NOT do at the end?

🧙 Problem 12 — Potion Choice Confusion

Hermione drinks a potion if:

• it is sweet
• OR (it is bitter AND effective)

Today:

• sweet ❌
• bitter ❌
• effective ❌

sweet = True
bitter = False
effective = False
print(sweet or bitter and effective)

🧠 Rule reminder:

AND runs before OR

🧙 Problem 13 — The Mirror of Truth

The mirror lights up if:

• exactly one spell is real
• AND the wizard is focused

spell_real = True
illusion = False
focused = True
print((spell_real ^ illusion) and focused)

🧠 XOR question:

Are the spells different?

🧙 Problem 14 — Moody’s Paradox Curse

Mad-Eye Moody casts a curse that:

• flips the spell result
• then checks if it differs from danger

spell = True
danger = False
print(not spell ^ danger)

🧠 Careful:

NOT runs before XOR

🧙 Problem 15 — Patronus Confidence Test

A Patronus appears if:

• wizard believes
• AND the wizard is not afraid

believe = True
afraid = False
print(believe and not afraid)

🧙 Problem 16 — The Room of Requirement

The room appears if:

• any hidden desire exists

desire1 = False
desire2 = False
desire3 = True
print(desire1 or desire2 or desire3)

🧙 Problem 17 — Forbidden Knowledge Scroll

The scroll activates only if:

• NOT even one guardian is awake

guardian1 = False
guardian2 = True
print(not (guardian1 or guardian2))

🧠 Think:

If ANY guardian is awake → blocked

🧙 Problem 18 — Twin Wand Resonance

Two twin wands resonate if:

• their magic differs
• OR the backup charm activates

wandA = True
wandB = True
backup = False
print((wandA ^ wandB) or backup)

🧙 Problem 19 — Identity Verification Charm

The charm passes if:

• the identity is NOT different

real = True
fake = False
print(not (real ^ fake))

🧠 Meaning:

Are they the same?

🧙 Problem 20 — Final Hogwarts Gate

The final gate opens if:

• both keys are active
• OR the override rune is active
• BUT the result is flipped

key1 = True
key2 = False
override = True
print((key1 and key2) ^ override)

🧠 Slow down:

Evaluate AND → then XOR

🧠 Final Mental Model

Computers don’t think in English They think in logic switches

If you master:

• AND
• OR
• NOT
• XOR

You master:

• if
• while
• algorithms
• interviews

You’re not learning Python. You’re learning how machines think 🧠⚡